Louis Pastuer was a French chemist and microbiologist best known for his remarkable breakthroughs in the causes and prevention of disease. He invented the first vaccine for rabies, however he most famous for the invention of pasteurization, the process that prevents milk and wine from causing sickness.
Crawford Long was an American Confederate physician, best known for being one of the first surgeons to conduct an anesthesia-based surgery with the use of ether.
Joseph Lister, while not directly involved in the Civil War, was very influential in it. He heavily promoted sterile surgery, and introduced carbolic acid to surgery, to sterilize surgical instruments and to clean wounds. Some consider Lister the "father of modern antiseptic".
Ether played a heavy roll in modern anesthesia, even though it is currently an illegal drug. It was used by famous surgeons, such as Crawford Long(mentioned above) and William T.G. Morton(mentioned below).
William T.G. Morton was an American Surgeon, who was with the Union during the Civil War. He was one of the founding fathers of anesthesia, together with Joseph Lister, Horace Wells, and Charles T. Jackson.
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